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Interestingly selective ETA blockade increased cutaneous blo
2019-10-22
Interestingly, selective ETA blockade increased cutaneous blood flow as measured by laser Doppler fluxmetry. This is a measure of total blood flow in the different vessels in the skin including venules, H-Lys(Z)-OH mg as well as arterioles. This finding is in accordance with the previous demonstrati
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br In order to determine the physiological
2019-10-22
In order to determine the physiological roles of WT (wild type) EWSR1, Dr. Lee\'s group established a conventional Ewsr1 KO mouse [38]. Since then, the Ewsr1 KO (−/−) mouse model has successfully been utilized to decipher many important in vivo roles of EWSR1 (Fig. 1). EWSR1 deficiency alters m
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PF-00562271 EPAC induces SOCS gene expression
2019-10-22
EPAC1 induces SOCS3 gene expression in VECs, resulting in suppression of the JAK–STAT activation initiated by the sIL-6Rα/IL-6 trans-signalling complex [67]. EPAC1 regulates SOCS3 gene induction through the activation of C/EBP and c-Jun transcription factors, which interact directly with the SOCS3 p
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br Acknowledgements This study was financially supported by
2019-10-22
Acknowledgements This study was financially supported by the National Special Research Programs for Non-Profit Trades (Agriculture) (Grant No. 201303045) and the Basic Foundation for Scientific Research of the State-level Public Welfare Institutes of China (Grant No. 2013JB10). Introduction L
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The Liver X Receptor and LXRs NR H
2019-10-22
The Liver X Receptor-α and -β (LXRs, NR1H3 and NR1H2, respectively) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily that play a central role in controlling cholesterol homeostasis [9], [10]. In macrophages, LXRs can decrease the cellular sterol burden by inducing expression of the cholesterol efflux
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br Introduction Prostaglandins are important
2019-10-21
Introduction Prostaglandins are important local mediators in a host of reproductive processes including ovulation, fertilization, embryonic development, luteal regression, and parturition (Ushikubi et al., 2000). Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is among the more versatile prostanoids, and its effects app
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Although the ferromagnetic particles and T DNA ligase on the
2019-10-21
Although the ferromagnetic particles and T4 Fmoc-Ser-OH on the particles were heated by the ac magnetic field, the average temperature of the reaction solution as a whole was kept suitably low for the annealing of DNA ends (16°C). Indeed, no appreciable increase in the temperature of the reaction s
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br Sphingosine kinase One of the
2019-10-21
Sphingosine kinase One of the enzymes closely related to DGKs are the sphingosine kinases (SKs). These enzymes catalyze the conversion of sphingosine (Sph) to sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). SKs and DGKs are closely related lipid kinase in term of basic enzymology and the mechanism of regulation a
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Two isoforms of intracellular ER
2019-10-21
Two isoforms of intracellular ER, ERα, and ERβ, after binding to estrogens and translocate to the nucleus, activate some transcription factors and signaling pathways. The deregulation of estrogenic pathways can elevate transcriptional activity contributed to the development of cancer. Expression of
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In the horse oviduct the EP receptor was most
2019-10-21
In the horse oviduct, the EP2 receptor was most strongly expressed in epithelial BAMB-4 particularly in nonciliated (secretory) epithelial cells as evidenced by IHC. Furthermore, relative amount of EP2 mRNA was greater in the ampulla than in the isthmus, although this likely reflects differences in
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br STAR Methods br Author Contributions br Acknowledgments T
2019-10-21
STAR★Methods Author Contributions Acknowledgments The authors thank Monika Kuhn for excellent technical assistance and Dr. Antje Schäfer for valuable scientific input. H.S. was supported by the DFG (FZ 82; Graduate School of Life Sciences and SCHI 425-6/1), and A.V.S. by Northwestern Univer
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br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion
2019-10-21
Materials and methods Results Discussion Approximately 90% of pulmonary emphysema causes are related to smoking and its progression in patients and are characterized by severity levels [5]. Experimental models using CS to induce emphysema are widely used because they resemble the emphysema
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There is evidence that the
2019-10-21
There is evidence that the response of CYP450 activity to DEX is species-specific. CYP1A and CYP3A expressions were strongly induced by DEX in porcine hepatocytes (Rasmussen et al., 2014) and in rat and human, but not minipig or beagle dog hepatocytes (Lu and Li, 2001). Within fish, there are also s
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Intriguingly one E residue may
2019-10-21
Intriguingly, one E2 residue may serve as a molecular ‘gate’ to allow the C-terminus of ubiquitin to access the closed E2~Ub conformations favorable for ubiquitin transfer. This residue, Asp87 in UbcH5 family members, resides on one side of the opening that leads to the active site Cys (Fig. 4D). In
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Neurons in the striatum unlike those
2019-10-21
Neurons in the striatum, unlike those in the Serotonin HCl and cerebellum, do not form a layered or columnar structure. Although they appear to be randomly distributed, they are actually scattered in two embryologically different compartments called striosomes (often referred to as “patches” in rode
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