Furthermore the quantity of close

Furthermore, the quantity of close points depends on the textures of the regular triangles and the relative position and angle of graphics after unfolding (Figure 4).
Algorithms
Processes The optimization program is written with java language and JMonkey Engine is used to provide 3d rendering and shading. The whole optimization process can be conducted in the following three steps:
Conclusions
Background
Experimental
Further discussion
Introduction However, in most cities of China at present, intensive land use in central areas is inadequate, with significant waste of space. On one hand, non-public facilities are laid out in lower density, occupying substantial urban lands, with extensive use of space and lower space revenue; on the other hand, public facilities are not constructed in a sufficiently intensive way. Low-rise public buildings occupy extensive lands, making it impossible to take full advantage of land value in urban centers. All these problems, along with other issues, such as excessive area of street blocks, lack of urban branch systems, poor management and organization, etc. have impeded the implementation of public service function of urban centers (Wang, 2009).
Impact factors of intensive land use in urban centers
Construction of index system for intensive land use in urban centers The following three factors of intensive land use in urban centers are further developed, namely buildings, lands and traffic. Related impact factors, such as specific functional spaces of buildings, land subdivisions for business operation, proportion of street frontage, and hard core clustering in urban centers, etc., are considered as well. In this way, the indices of nine correlations are obtained in order to construct the index system for intensive land use in urban centers (Figure 2).
Construction evaluation model for intensive land use in urban centers Based on the above analysis, this paper constructed the overall framework of evaluation indices on intensive land use in urban centers, which consists of three status levels, namely intensive degree of buildings, intensive degree of lands, and intensive degree of traffic. Each status level is further broken down into three betaxolol cost levels and given its weight. In turn, the index system of intensive land use is subdivided into nine specific indices (Figure 3), which may be quantified by means of both methods of the AHP evaluation model supported by entropy technology and the qualitative index quantification supported by expert scoring. The “classification interval-valued” quantification of indices may be calculated by means of fuzzy membership function (Yang and Wu, 2006).
Application and discussion
Conclusion With regard to the driving factors for intensive land use in central areas, our model considers only the most fundamental elements which are positively correlated with evaluation results. However, it has laid foundation for future research for its eurytopicity. Based on the differences presented in evaluation data, it is possible to discuss the specific functions of driving factors for intensive land use. As for the driving mechanisms of intensive land use, it is necessary to further discuss the methods to obtain the optimum evaluation result under market driving mechanism, policy driving mechanism, geographically driving mechanism and their combined operations (Figure 4). The emphasis in future work will be on how to develop the established evaluation model of intensive land use for urban centers into regulating and control tools in conceptual design and construction management.
As the world turns The world is changing. So is architecture, the art of building. Since the world is evolving its communication and manufacturing methods drastically and with increasing speed, architecture will never be the same. I present in this writing a theory and practice of architecture which is based on the principles of swarm behavior. It comes down to the provocative assumption that in the end all building components must be designed to be active actors. Based on 20 years of practice of nonstandard architecture I have come to the conclusion that buildings and their constituting components can no longer be seen as passive objects. This assumption revolutionizes the way the design process is organized, the way the manufacturing process is organized, and the way we interact with the built structures. The new kind of building is based on the invasion of digital technologies into the building industry and into the design process, such as parametric design, generative components, file to factory production process of mass customization, and embedded intelligent agents. Step by step we are balancing the familiar top down control with emergent bottom up behavior. Based on simple rules we rethink on the basic building blocks and we build bottom up bidirectional relationships between all constituting building components. I investigate the effects the paradigm shift from mass production to mass customization may have for the designer\'s mind. When the designer is open for this new reality, architecture will never be the same. I will give here one example to visualize the consequences of a truly mass production esthetic. The Cockpit in the Acoustic Barrier project that was finished at the end of 2005 features 40,000 different pieces of steel, and 10,000 different pieces of glass. Not a single building component is the same in this structure. The radicality of this mass customized specimen of nonstandard architecture equals that of the 50+ year old Mies van der Rohe\'s Seagram building, which is the ultimate esthetic expression of mass produced architecture (Fig. 1). Mind you, the Seagram building is beautiful, but I would never fancy to strive for such esthetic again, now it is time to find the proper architectural expression for the actuality of industrial mass customization. Within 50 years the paradigm shift toward customization in any form—not necessarily in the form of double curved geometry—will be the dominant language of (inter)national architects. If my assumption proves to be false after all efforts I have done in the last 20 years to develop the practice of industrial customization in the realized works of my architectural office ONL (Oosterhuis_Lénárd) in Rotterdam, and during the last decade the theory of swarm behavior in various educational and research projects with my Hyperbody Research Group at the Faculty of Architecture of the TU Delft, I will be the first to acknowledge it. But if it proves to be right then I will consume the pleasure of having been an early mover to design and construct buildings according to the new rules of industrial customization, and I will feel satisfied having explored the power and beauty of complexity in due time.