• Biliary tract cancers BTC are categorized into intrahepatic

  2022-06-28

  

  Biliary tract cancers (BTC) are categorized into intrahepatic, perihilar, extrahepatic BTC (or cholangiocarcinoma) as well as gallbladder cancer (GBC). Although the incidence of BTC is low in developed countries (3% of gastrointestinal cancers), BTC is the second most common primary liver tumor afte

• The more important effect of pitolisant is related to

  2022-06-28

  

  The more important effect of pitolisant is related to its wake-promoting and arousal activities as a result of enhanced Patchouli alcohol release in animal models (Ligneau, Perrin, et al., 2007). Moreover, its potential in the treatment of severe excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in narcoleptic te

• br Methods br Results br Discussion Exercise results in

  2022-06-28

  

  Methods Results Discussion Exercise results in a remarkable redistribution of blood flow, which increases in active skeletal muscles but decreases in the splanchnic circulation. The regional blood flow in the kidney, spleen, stomach and intestine was measured by using the microsphere techni

• br Conclusion br Funding br Availability of data and

  2022-06-28

  

  Conclusion Funding Availability of data and materials Authors' contributions Ethics approval and consent to participate Consent for publication Competing interests Introduction Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a global public health problem. An estimated 71.1 million peop

• Beckman Coulter s DxN VERIS Molecular Diagnostics

  2022-06-28

  

  Beckman Coulter’s DxN VERIS Molecular Diagnostics System (DxN VERIS System) is a fully automated system for the quantitative analysis of molecular targets, integrating sample introduction, nucleic Acarbose extraction, reaction set-up, real-time PCR amplification and detection using TaqMan® chemistr

• These to date remain the

  2022-06-28

  

  These to date remain the only two reports of mutations in GC-C found in humans. Perhaps this once again emphasized the critical requirement of the presence of an optimally functional GC-C in the intestine, since neither its loss, nor its hyperactivity, can be tolerated in humans without severe conse

• Several studies have sought a cross relationship between com

  2022-06-28

  

  Several studies have sought a cross-relationship between commensal bacteria-derived metabolites and the Gprs (Blad et al., 2012). Gpr81 is expressed primarily in adipocytes, and hence, lactate-Gpr81 interaction inhibits lipolysis (Cai et al., 2008, Liu et al., 2009). Lactate reduced inflammation by

• Another possible effect of niacin is

  2022-06-28

  

  Another possible effect of niacin is in altering immune cell trafficking; as it has been suggested that niacin therapy quells endothelial cell activation (Digby et al., 2010, Ganji et al., 2009) and thereby suppresses inflammatory cell recruitment (Wu et al. 2010). However, the impact of niacin on l

• The mechanisms of action of MMF

  2022-06-28

  

  The mechanisms of action of MMF and DMF are not well understood, but a growing body of evidence has demonstrated that DMF may act on both the neurodegenerative and inflammatory response of MS patients. The majority of the data related to the mechanism of action of DMF/MMF demonstrates the associatio

• The importance of FXR FGF signaling in BA homeostasis

  2022-06-28

  

  The importance of FXR-FGF15/19 signaling in BA homeostasis is illustrated by various BA malabsorption syndromes. Clinically, BA malabsorption causes diarrhea due to high BA concentrations in the colon that lead to secretion of water and electrolytes and stimulation of propulsive contractions [36]. P

• Yes mutations have been linked to two main

  2022-06-27

  

  Yes, mutations have been linked to two main types of disorder in humans. Several autosomal dominant mutations, some of which have been characterized and lead to increased PIEZO1 signaling, are associated with dehydrated hereditary stomatocytosis (DHS). DHS is characterized by osmotically-driven d

• Based upon the present findings it is tempting to

  2022-06-27

  

  Based upon the present findings, it is tempting to imagine that selective, and especially stable blood–brain barrier (BBB) penetrating GalR1 antagonists might be useful as drugs for acute suppression of appetite. While this may be possible, previous studies using nonspecific galanin antagonists yiel

• Prior to proceeding to the main tests essential conditions

  2022-06-27

  

  Prior to proceeding to the main tests, essential conditions were optimized. At first, we tested whether the parameters that were successful in inducing LacZ gene for the production of β-galactosidase enzymes in E. coli culture system in our previous study would be sufficient to induce LacZ gene in t

• The intestinal epithelium is the first line of defense again

  2022-06-27

  

  The intestinal epithelium is the first line of defense against pathogens and noxious agents and exerts a range of physiological activities, including digestion and mapk pathway of nutrients. The intestinal wall consists of a series of finger shaped protrusions called villi and invaginations known a

• In a recent study Neelaveni et

  2022-06-27

  

  In a recent study, Neelaveni et al. [47] revealed that new thiazolidinedione derivatives (Fig. 6 a and 6 b) produced dual PPARγ and FFAR1 agonistic activity at micromolar concentrations with insulin sensitizing effects and enhanced insulin secretion from the pancreas. These derivatives were reported

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