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AP activity is increased by MAP
2025-02-21
AP-1 activity is increased by MAP kinase stimulation in different cell types (Whitmarsh and Davis, 1996), while MKP-1, the enzyme that catalyzes the dephosphorylation and inactivation of MAP kinases in the nucleus, inhibits AP-1 (Rössler et al., 2008, Rössler and Thiel, 2009, Mayer et al., 2011, Thi
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br Angiogenesis as a critical event
2025-02-21
Angiogenesis as a critical event in diabetic retinopathy Angiogenesis refers to the abnormal proliferation of blood vessels during various pathological conditions. It acquires the stature of being one of the most detrimental events responsible for the progression of diabetic retinopathy. Angiogen
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Immunosuppressive agent YM 58483 Aconitase clusters are pron
2025-02-21
Aconitase clusters are prone to oxidations and are among the first to undergo a change in transition state during stages of electrophilic stress rendering them inactive [31]. Aconitase activity in LETO and OLETF did not differ at T0 suggesting that the early onset of insulin resistance may not be at
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br Concluding remarks br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgm
2025-02-21
Concluding remarks Conflict of interest Acknowledgment This work was supported by the H.E.B. Endowed Chair in Marine Science (to P.T.) and University of Texas Marine Science Institute endowment-supported scholarships (to A.C). Introduction Disorders of sex development (DSD) are defined
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Increasing evidence indicates that ILCs
2025-02-20
Increasing evidence indicates that ILCs participate in a dialog with CD4+ T proanthocyanidins supplements [107–110]. This dialog is mediated, in part, through the expression of type II major histocompatibility complex (MHCII) molecules on ILC3s [107]. Depending on the expression of co-stimulatory m
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br Experimental procedure br Introduction
2025-02-20
Experimental procedure Introduction Migraine is a debilitating neurovascular disorder characterized by recurring unilateral pulsating headaches of moderate to severe intensity, associated with nausea, photophobia and/or phonophobia, lasting from 4 to 72 h (Headache Classification Committee of
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Since the localization of LO depends on
2025-02-20
Since the localization of 5-LO depends on phosphorylation, we also analyzed the phosphorylation profile of 5-LO-WT and all isoforms by Western blot using specific Necrosulfonamide against the phosphorylation sites S271 and S523. Whereas phosphorylation at S271 activates the 5-LO, inhibits nuclear e
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HT receptors are distributed throughout the brain within
2025-02-20
5-HT3 receptors are distributed throughout the brain, within the brainstem (e.g., nucleus tractus solitarius, area postrema and spinal trigeminal nucleus) and WM-1119 sale (e.g., hippocampus, amygdala, nucleus accumbens, putamen and caudate) (Abi-Dargham et al., 1993, Barnes et al., 1989, Bufton et
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Protein purification column The gene SRD A encodes the reduc
2025-02-20
The gene SRD5A2 encodes the 5-α-reductase enzyme, which converts testosterone into dihydrotestosterone. Although dihydrotestosterone levels are considerably lower than testosterone, dihydrotestosterone has a five-fold stronger binding capacity to the androgen receptor and, thereby, a considerably mo
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Two critical determinants of receptor trafficking are
2025-02-20
Two critical determinants of receptor trafficking are found within the GABAB1 cytoplasmic tail: the di-leucine internalization signal (EKSRLL) (Margeta-Mitrovic et al., 2000, Restituito et al., 2005) and the ER retention signal (RSRR) (Calver et al., 2001, Margeta-Mitrovic et al., 2000, Pagano et al
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Introduction The corpus luteum CL is a transient endocrine
2025-02-19
Introduction The corpus luteum (CL) is a transient endocrine gland that differentiates from the thecal and granulosal cells of the ovarian follicle after ovulation. Its formation and limited lifespan in the mammalian ovary is important for fertility, as the CL produces progesterone (P4), the essent
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Incubation of the aortic segments of rats with indomethacin
2025-02-19
Incubation of the aortic segments of rats with indomethacin significantly decreased the vasoconstrictor response to Phe but only in HgCl2-treated group (Fig. 9A,B), as indicated by dAUC values (Fig. 9E). Co-treatment with losartan once again proved to be effective and prevented the increased partici
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br Androgen interference with the action of
2025-02-19
Androgen interference with the action of arachidonic dNTP mix 2.5 mM metabolites’ actions; the other side of the coin Arachidonic acid, being a polyunsaturated fatty acid present in the phospholipids of the membrane of cells, is highly abundant within the organism. It is mainly involved in cellu
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g protein coupled receptors Calcium entry through postsynapt
2025-02-19
Calcium entry through postsynaptic NMDARs activates intracellular signaling cascades including Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and calcineurin. The spatiotemporal abundance of this Ca2+/CaM complex determines the direction of synaptic plasticity, resulting in LTP (Malinow
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br Discussion The present understanding is that patients suf
2025-02-19
Discussion The present understanding is that patients suffering from AD are at a higher risk for epilepsy than individuals without AD [[1], [2]]. The clinical diagnostic accuracy of AD has improved significantly during the last decades. However, most of the epidemiological studies on these two of
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