• While phosphorylation site motifs are typically described

  2021-10-11

  

  While 1625 site motifs are typically described in terms of residues that promote phosphorylation, negatively selected residues can also be an important component of substrate recognition. Such ‘forbidden’ resides can act as a filter to prevent phosphorylation of a site by the ‘wrong’ kinase, which c

• The Bcl and Bcl xL genes contain

  2021-10-11

  

  The Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL genes contain the CRE binding site in their promoter regions for CREB and CBP to bind to, so CREB phosphorylation was shown to up-regulate these anti-apoptotic genes, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL [[29], [30], [31]]. Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL prevent the activation of caspases and the release of mito

• Gene expression of both GPR A and GPR in

  2021-10-11

  

  Gene expression of both GPR109A and GPR81 in adipocytes has been linked to PPARγ activation [22]. Treatment with the thiazolidinedione (TZD) PPARγ agonist, rosiglitazone, increases GPR109A and GPR81 expression, and knockdown of PPARγ suppresses receptor expression in fully differentiated human multi

• br Conclusion br Author statement br Acknowledgments br

  2021-10-11

  

  Conclusion Author statement Acknowledgments Introduction The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is an important neurohormone network for vertebrates that regulates their gonadal development and maturation, guarantees their pubertal development and maintains their normal reproducti

• br Acknowledgments br Introduction Manipulating

  2021-10-11

  

  Acknowledgments Introduction Manipulating target protein expression via either induction or suppression of gene expression is a powerful technology that has been widely used in the recent past in the field of neurobiology, both to study the pathophysiological significance of a target gene and

• The results obtained through in

  2021-10-11

  

  The results obtained through in vitro, in vivo and in silico corroborated with those presented by other works and indicate that CpMutY is involved in oxidative damage repair in this organism. In this regard, MutY conservation in evolutionarily distant bacteria suggests that this protein plays an imp

• Recent studies revealed that synthetic oligomeric A decrease

  2021-10-11

  

  Recent studies revealed that synthetic oligomeric Aβ1-42 decreased GLT-1 expression and promoted mislocalization of GLT-1 from the cell surface of primary astrocytes, leading to glutamate dyshomeostasis in synapses (Abdul et al., 2009, Scimemi et al., 2013). To address the cause for reduction of ast

• MRcKO mice showed a comparable degree of cardiac remodeling

  2021-10-11

  

  MRcKO mice showed a comparable degree of cardiac remodeling compared to control (MRf/f) mice. Moreover, the worse cardiac remodeling in pressure-overloaded GRcKO mice is not due to compensatory activation of cardiomyocyte MR, because GRMRdcKO mice displayed cardiac remodeling to the same extent as G

• Although GLP has greater insulin releasing effects at pharma

  2021-10-11

  

  Although GLP-1 has greater insulin-releasing effects at pharmacological concentrations [10], it is apparent that the higher circulating concentrations of GIP combined with more pronounced increase in secretion following feeding make GIP the major physiological incretin [7], [11]. The peptide exerts

• br Mechanisms of action Ghrelin

  2021-10-11

  

  Mechanisms of action Ghrelin is a 28-amino AZD0156 receptor peptide hormone primarily produced in the oxyntic mucosa of stomach, but also in other gastrointestinal tissues [7] (Fig. 1). It acts as the endogenous ligand for the ghrelin receptor [GHS-R1a] and causes the release of growth hormone f

• Sexual size dimorphism has been observed in European eel

  2021-10-11

  

  Sexual size dimorphism has been observed in European eel and half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis), as females have a faster growth rate than males, (Degani, G., et al., 2003, Ma, Q., et al., 2012). Ma et al. 2011 reported that the mRNA level of GH was higher in the pituitary gland of bot

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion Ghrelin

  2021-10-11

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Ghrelin is required for maintenance of glucose homeostasis under fasting conditions, and GHSR-null mice have low fasting blood glucose levels [5], [9]. In this study, we found that restoration of GHSR in nodose ganglion neurons rescued low fasting bl

• In order to test whether

  2021-10-11

  

  In order to test whether the enhanced hyperpolarization in the presence of increasing amounts of extracellular Ca2+ could be due to an ionophore effect of NS309, red cell uptake of 45Ca and partition of 45Ca into a water/n-octanol phase +/−100 μM NS309 were determined. However, no indication of iono

• As many of the above studies highlight

  2021-10-11

  

  As many of the above studies highlight, several decades of research on Cx43 has revealed that many of these functional roles are attributed to the C-terminal domain (CT) of this protein which cannot be explained by the formation and existence of intercellular channels. Recent findings on the existen

• GSK1324726A By association a possible mechanism which may un

  2021-10-11

  

  By association, a possible mechanism which may underlie the progression of seizures is long-term potentiation (LTP). Indeed, LTP shares many common mechanisms with seizures activity both anatomically and physiologically, and has been implicated as a mechanism of acute epileptogenesis (Wasterlain et

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