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It thus appeared reasonable that AR needed
2023-12-13
It thus appeared reasonable that AR needed to be inhibited and great experimental efforts began which are still on-going [6]. Indeed, hundreds of ARIs have been characterized but no significant drug development has followed. The case of Sorbinil, which did not pass clinical trials is emblematic [7]
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br Introduction Alcohol i e ethanol is absorbed into
2023-12-13
Introduction Alcohol, i.e., ethanol, is absorbed into the blood from the stomach to the small intestine, then distributed throughout the body. The metabolism of alcohol converting to acetic Camptothecin basically involves two enzymes; alcohol dehydrogenase converting ethanol to acetaldehyde and
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br Transparency document br Introduction G protein
2023-12-13
Transparency document Introduction G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise a diverse family of seven transmembrane domain-containing receptors represented by over 800 genes in humans. GPCRs respond to a range of stimuli, including peptides, hormones, growth factors, lipids, odorants, and
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Introduction Adenosine monophosphate cAMP is a
2023-12-13
Introduction Adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP) is a general-purpose signaling molecule present in most branches of life. Intracellular cAMP levels control diverse cellular functions. In bacteria, cAMP regulates metabolism by activation of the catabolite activator protein (CAP), also known as cAM
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br Adenosine as a mediator of procedures used
2023-12-13
Adenosine as a mediator of procedures used to manage pain The issue of caffeine Caffeine, from dietary sources, is perhaps the most widely consumed behaviorally active agent in the world (Fredholm et al., 1999). Initial characterization indicated caffeine had a higher affinity at A1−, A2A− and
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br Introduction In addition to ATP production an
2023-12-12
Introduction In addition to ATP production, an important role of mitochondria in the pancreatic beta cell is anaplerosis, which is the net synthesis of citric Rufinamide cycle intermediates that are exported to the cytosol where they are converted to numerous other metabolites that stimulate and
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A disruption of lung barrier function caused by PM has
2023-12-12
A disruption of lung barrier function caused by PM2.5 has been observed in our experiments; however the underlying mechanism has not been investigated. Zhao et al. (2018) reported that PM2.5 down-regulated the expression levels of tight junction (TJ) proteins and resulted in nasal epithelial barrier
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br Materials and methods br Results br
2023-12-12
Materials and methods Results Discussion Because the Ser/Thr kinase domain of LRRK2 is homologous to that of other MLK family proteins belonging to the MAP3K superfamily, LRRK2 is suggested to be involved in MAPK signaling and activation of neuronal cell death by phosphorylating its downstr
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br COPD As in asthma also in COPD increased expression
2023-12-12
COPD As in asthma, also in COPD, increased expression of arginase has been reported, and tobacco smoke may increase expression of arginase in human subjects [46, 47]. Increased ADMA levels have also been reported in COPD, and both the increased expression of arginase and ADMA contribute to remode
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br Introduction The apelin receptor angiotensin
2023-12-12
Introduction The apelin receptor (angiotensin receptor-like 1, APJ) is a seven transmembrane receptor (7TMR) that belongs to the class A peptidergic G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) superfamily [1]. The endogenous ligands of APJ are the different isoforms of apelin (namely apelin-13, −17, and −
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AP plays a pivotal role in transcriptional
2023-12-12
AP-1 plays a pivotal role in transcriptional regulation of MMP expression. The decoy technique allows the neutralization of AP-1 without any transfection reagents for cellular uptake that cause potential side effects or immune reactions. This energy-dependent transport mechanism of “naked” dODN is c
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br Summary br Introduction With readily synthetic methods
2023-12-12
Summary Introduction With readily synthetic methods and excellent chemical/physical characteristics, coumarins have received extensive attention and show great practical values in many fields, such as medicine discovery, dye chemistry, materials chemistry and so on [[1], [2], [3]]. Actually, o
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parp inhibitor The initial demonstration of the potential of
2023-12-12
The initial demonstration of the potential of MALDI-TOF MS for testing antifungal susceptibility of pathogenic fungi came from a proof-of-concept study by Marinach et al. [31] who monitored the changes of the proteome of C. albicans parp inhibitor exposed to different concentrations of fluconazole.
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Sixth significant progress has been made during the
2023-12-12
Sixth, significant progress has been made during the last few years regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying the activation of AMPK and this should aid to develop more potent and specific compounds. Information from crystallographic structures combined with computer-based drug design hold promi
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br Materials and methods br Results
2023-12-12
Materials and methods Results Discussion Intracellular metabolic pathways of sugar, such as glycolysis and TCA cycle, provide material and energy for the synthesis of other substances, including amino acids. Thus, the content of sugars and their metabolic pathways are important for amino K-
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